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Rainbow runner

Elagatis bipinnulata

  • Fish
  • IUCN: Least concern
  • Usual depth7–26 m
  • Water temperature24–29 °C
  • Best monthsMay, June, and December
  • How commonCommon
All species

Photo credit: (c) Georgina Jones, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Georgina Jones · CC BY-SA · iNaturalist

About this species

The rainbow runner, also known as the rainbow yellowtail, Spanish jack and Hawaiian salmon, is a common species of pelagic marine fish of the jack family, Carangidae. The species is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the world, inhabiting both coastal and offshore areas. The species is the only member of the genus Elagatis, which was created 15 years after its initial description, and is closely related to the amberjacks. The rainbow runner is easily distinguished by its body shape, and the brilliant colouration which gives the fish its name. It is a fast-swimming predator, taking small fish, cephalopods, and a wide variety of planktonic crustaceans. The species reaches sexual maturity around 60 cm (24 in), and spawning takes place at different times, with some populations spawning year round, while others only spawn at certain times of the year. The species is a well known game fish, taken by a variety of fishing methods, and is a well-regarded table fish. Large numbers of the species are taken as bycatch in tuna- and shark-fishing operations and marketed.

Text from the Wikipedia article “Rainbow runner”, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article

Where and when

Where it has been recorded

Worldwide

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Best months

Worldwide (open data)

  • January: 140 records
  • February: 228 records
  • March: 289 records
  • April: 294 records
  • May: 305 records
  • June: 319 records
  • July: 190 records
  • August: 219 records
  • September: 254 records
  • October: 117 records
  • November: 94 records
  • December: 365 records

Depth and water temperature

Depth

Mostly recorded at 7–26 m · Deepest record: 768 m

  • 0–10 m: 275 records
  • 10–20 m: 730 records
  • 20–30 m: 470 records
  • 30–40 m: 70 records
  • 40–50 m: 11 records
  • 50–60 m: 4 records
  • 60–70 m: 2 records
  • 70–80 m: 1 records
  • 80–90 m: 0 records
  • 90–100 m: 0 records
  • 100–110 m: 1 records
  • 110+ m: 5 records

Water temperature

Recorded in surface water of 24–29 °C

  • 22–24 °C: 2 records
  • 24–26 °C: 27 records
  • 26–28 °C: 596 records
  • 28–30 °C: 331 records

Names and classification

English
Rainbow runner, Hawaiian Salmon, Ocean Salmon, Prodigal Son, rainbow runner, Rainbow Runner, Rainbow Runner Fish, Rainbow Yellowtail, Runner, Salmon, Salmon Runner, Samon, Shoemaker, Skip Jack, Small Rainbow Runner, Spanish-jack, Spanish Jack, Spanish Mackerel, Striped Fish, Tabio, Yellow Tail
Names in 3 more languages
Spanish
Cola Amarilla, Corredores, Llorotel, Macaela, Macarela, Macarela Arco Iris, Macarela Salmon, macarela salmón, Macarela salmón, Pejerata, Peje Rata, Pez Rata, Picudo Rayado, Remoremo, Salmon, Salmón, salmón cubano, Salmonete, Sardinata, Tabio, Zapatero Ligereto
French
Carangue arc-en-ciel, Comete saumon, Comète saumon, Comète saumon, Coureur arc-en-ciel, Comète saumon, Saumon, Coureur arc-en-ciel, Dauphin, Dauphin vert, Galati, Saumon, Sorcier
Japanese
Tsumuburi, ツムブリ

Other scientific names: Egalatis bipinnulatus, Elagatis bipinnulatus, Elegatis bipinnulata, Elegatis bipinnulatus, Elegatis bipunnulata, Elegatus bipinnulatus, Irex indicus, Micropteryx bipinnulatus, Seriola bipinnulata, Seriolichthys bipinnulatus

Similar species

Sources and credits

Names and taxonomy: WoRMS (CC BY 4.0) and the GBIF Backbone (CC BY 4.0). Photos: iNaturalist observers, each under the licence shown (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA).

  • Depth, temperature, months and maps: records from OBIS and GBIF under CC0 or CC BY.
  • Descriptions: Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA, each linked to its article.
  • Conservation status as published by GBIF (IUCN Red List).
  • 28,649 open-data records from 1898 to 2024.
  • Species data updated October 26, 2026.

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