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Kokanee

Oncorhynchus nerka

  • Fish
  • IUCN: Least concern
  • Usual depth5–19 m
  • Water temperature4–12 °C
  • Best monthsMay
  • How commonCommon
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Photo credit: (c) Cole Wolf, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Cole Wolf · CC BY · iNaturalist

About this species

The sockeye salmon, also called red salmon, kokanee salmon, blueback salmon, or simply sockeye, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers discharging into it. This species is a Pacific salmon that is primarily red in hue during spawning. They can grow up to 84 cm in length and weigh 2.3 to 7 kg (5–15 lb). Juveniles remain in freshwater until they are ready to migrate to the ocean, over distances of up to 1,600 km (1,000 mi). Their diet consists primarily of zooplankton. Sockeye salmon are semelparous, dying after they spawn. Some populations, referred to as kokanee, do not migrate to the ocean and live their entire lives in fresh water.

Text from the Wikipedia article “Sockeye salmon”, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article

Where and when

Where it has been recorded

Worldwide

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Best months

Worldwide (open data)

  • January: 327 records
  • February: 204 records
  • March: 151 records
  • April: 3,310 records
  • May: 9,291 records
  • June: 5,424 records
  • July: 1,536 records
  • August: 1,670 records
  • September: 2,647 records
  • October: 1,720 records
  • November: 412 records
  • December: 311 records

Depth and water temperature

Depth

Mostly recorded at 5–19 m · Deepest record: 35 m

  • 0–10 m: 2,113 records
  • 10–20 m: 204 records
  • 20–30 m: 7 records
  • 30–40 m: 223 records

Water temperature

Recorded in surface water of 4–12 °C

  • 2–4 °C: 1 records
  • 4–6 °C: 0 records
  • 6–8 °C: 12 records
  • 8–10 °C: 116 records
  • 10–12 °C: 271 records

Names and classification

English
Kokanee, Red salmon, Sockeye salmon, Blue-back, Blueback, blueback salmon, Fraser river salmon, Kennerly's Salmon, Kickininee, kokanee, Kokanee Salmon, Land-locked Sockeye, Little Redfish, Pygmy Salmon, Pygmy Sockeye Salmon, Quinalt, Red Caviar, Redfish, red salmon, Salmon, Salmón, Silver Trout, Sockeye(=red) Salmon, sockeye salmon, Sock-eye salmon, Sockey Salmon, Yank
Names in 6 more languages
German
Blaurücken, Blaurückenlachs, Roter Lachs, Rotlachs
Spanish
Salmon, Salmón, salmon rojo, Salmón Rojo
French
kokani, saumon rouge, Saumon rouge, saumon sockeye
Japanese
Benizake, Benizake,Himemasu, ヒメマス, ベニザケ, ベニザケ・ヒメマス, ベニザケ/ヒメマス
Korean
홍연어
Simplified Chinese
紅鉤吻鮭, 紅鮭, 红大马哈鱼

Other scientific names: Hypsifario kennerlyi, Oncorhynchus adonis, Salmo kennerlyi, Salmo nerka, Salmo paucidens

Similar species

Sources and credits

Names and taxonomy: WoRMS (CC BY 4.0) and the GBIF Backbone (CC BY 4.0). Photos: iNaturalist observers, each under the licence shown (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA).

  • Depth, temperature, months and maps: records from OBIS and GBIF under CC0 or CC BY.
  • Descriptions: Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA, each linked to its article.
  • Conservation status as published by GBIF (IUCN Red List).
  • 181,457 open-data records from 1907 to 2025.
  • Species data updated November 5, 2026.

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